Use of Bubble Graph in data analysis
Diagrammatic
representation is the backbone of data analysis because most people do not
understand tables laden with numbers. The business world wants the analysis
done and results interpreted in a very easy to understand layman terms. Hence
graphs and charts become a tool of high importance to researchers in order to
conclude their findings.
Bubble graphs are
graphs with the normal 2-d axis but have an extra feature called 'bubbles' and
the size and position of these bubbles are also of relevance to the analysis.
The fundamental purpose of Permap is to uncover hidden structure
that might be residing in a complex data set. Compared to other data
mining and data analysis techniques MDS is growing increasingly popular because
its mathematical basis is easier to understand and its results are easier to
interpret (Fitzgerald & Hubert, 1987).Permap is an interactive computer
program. It offers both metric (ratio and interval) and non metric
(ordinal, ratio + bounds, interval + bounds) MDS techniques. It solves
problems in up to eight dimensional spaces and allows boundary conditions to be
imposed on the solution. In the technical jargon, Permap treats
"weighted, incomplete, one-mode, two-way" or "weighted,
incomplete, two-mode, two-way" data sets. Other jargon would say it
handles weighted, symmetric, incomplete, triangular or rectangular data
sets. The word “weighted” means each data point can have its own
multiplier that reflects in some way the importance or reliability of the
point. The word “symmetric” means that Permap assumes that the (i, j)
proximity value equals the (j, i) proximity value, and “incomplete” means that
it can handle missing data. The one-mode, two-way and square references
indicate that Permap can analyze a matrix of proximity information between
several objects, and the two-mode, two-way and rectangular references means it
can analyze objects each of which are specified by an array of attributes.
Permap can treat up to 1000 objects at a time and each object can have up to
100 attributes. It is easy to use, Windows PC-based, visually oriented,
and allows real-time interaction with the analysis. It has been designed
to have an intuitive interface and it avoids many of the arcane alternatives
that are seen in the research literature but are never used in practice.
System Requirements
Permap will run on any contemporary personal computer using a
Windows operating system. It is not particularly demanding in terms of
computer speed, but if the problem is large, say more than 100 objects, then at
least a 1-GHz computer is recommended. Problem solution time is often
controlled as much by the computer's available RAM (random access memory) as it
is by the computer's processor speed. With the XP or 2000 Windows
operating systems you should have at least 512 MB and preferably 1 GB of RAM.
Vista needs 1 GB or more of RAM.
Installation
Obtain a copy of the file Permap.zip. This file is available
on the Internet at www.ucs.ull.edu/~rbh8900/permap.html. After
downloading the Permap.zip file, open it using any of numerous decompression
utilities. Usually you will have a zip/unzip program included as part of
Microsoft suite of programs. If not, one such utility is Zip Genius
available at http://www.zipgenius.it/index_eng.htm. Zip Genius is a free
program that is particularly user friendly, downloads fast, installs easily,
and can be run with no training. After unzipping Permap, you will have Permap.exe,
some Windows library files (ocx and dll extensions), some example files, a
default-values file, and a WAV file. You might want to put a shortcut to
Permap.exe on your desktop. Right click on Permap.exe (in whatever
directory you chose to put the unzipped files) and drag it to the
desktop. Choose "Create Shortcut Here" when you release the
right mouse button. Permap is now ready to use. Permap can be
uninstalled simply by erasing the directory you used to hold the Permap files
because no Registry entries have been. Start the program by double clicking the
Permap shortcut, by double clicking on Permap.exe in the directory where you
put Permap, or by entering its location and name in the Run input box's
"command line" which is accessed via the Start button. Permap can be
controlled by a mouse or keyboard. The alt-key gets you to and from the
menu bar, the tab-key shifts between controls, and the enter-key activates a
control.
Data Input
Data are entered from a text file (i.e., a file stored in ASCII
or ANSI format). Any modern word processor can save information in these
generic formats. For instance, if you use WordPerfect, use File/Save As
and choose ASCII DOS Text or ANSI Windows Text from the File Type box at the
bottom of the screen. If you use MS Word, use File/Save As and choose
Text Only or MS-DOS Text from the Save as Type box at the bottom of the
screen. Alternatively, it is often faster and easier to use Notepad, the
simple text editor that comes with all Windows operating systems. Notepad
is designed for quick entry of short segments of unformatted text.
Permap's data files are based on freeform data entry. This
means that keyword identifiers announce the presence of various data elements
and that these data types can be present in the file in any order.
Comment lines can be placed freely throughout the data file as long as they are
not placed between a keyword and its following data. All optional
information is covered by default values. This means that if you choose
not to use weights then they need not be mentioned in the data file. Here is a
very simple data set that assumes your data are in the form of
dissimilarities. All the sentences to the right are for explanation
purposes and are not part of the actual data file.
Example of data input
NOBJECTS=6 Gives the
number of objects in the analysis.
NATTRIBUTES=3 Gives
the number of attribute values for each object.
ATTRIBUTELIST
Announces that attribute values follow.
1, 1,
2 any
range can be used for the data.
1, 2,
2 the data can be
separated with space(s), a comma,
3, 3, 2 or both.
ATTRIBUTELIST is all one word and
3, 4, 0 capitalization
is optional. All data entries must be numbers.
3, NA, 0 Missing
entries are shown by "NA" or "na."
1, 6, NA It is
acceptable to name the objects.
Name:- Abhishek Kumar Rai
Roll No.- 14122
Name:- Abhishek Kumar Rai
Roll No.- 14122
No comments:
Post a Comment